dalamproses pewarnaan. Pemanfaatan kembali limbah perak dapat dilakukan dengan mengubah partikel perak (Ag+) menjadi nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) melalui proses bioreduksi. Bioreduksi limbah perak dilakukan dengan penambahan eksopolisakarida yang dihasilkan oleh Bacillus subtilis (1:3) selama 52 hari. Divernisdan dipelitur merupakan proses pewarnaan terhadap limbah c.kering dan d.organik lunak dhsjsjshuehe JAWABANNYA C.KERING JADIKAN JAWABAN TERBAIK SekolahMenengah Pertama terjawab divernis dan dipelitur merupakan proses pewarnaan terhadap limbah c.kering dan d.organik lunak Apa jawabanya? Iklan Jawaban 4.6 /5 319 dhsjsjshuehe JAWABANNYA C.KERING JADIKAN JAWABAN TERBAIK Terima kasih juga sama² makasih makasih MAKASIH YAA Lihat komentar lainnya Prosespewarnaan yang umum dilakukan pada materi limbah organik berair ialah dengan cara dicelup atau direbus bersama zat warna tekstil semoga menyerap. Sedangkan bahan limbah organik kering mampu diwarnai dengan cara divernis/dipolitur, dapat pula dicat menggunakan cat akrilik atau cat minyak. Kesimpulanpenelitian adalah bakteri yang toleran terhadap residu pewarna alam dan sintetis pada limbah tekstil meliputi Sembilan isolat yang berbeda dan dua isolat (strain BDLW-9 dan BDLW-3) mampu mendekolorisasi sekitar 58% residu pewarna tekstil alam indigofera dan sekitar 34%pewarna sintetis indigosol. Pengamatansumber pencemar industri dapat dilaksanakan pada masukan proses maupun pada keluarannya dengan melihat spesifikasi dan jenis limbah yang diproduksi. Pencemaran yang ditimbulkan oleh industri diakibatkan adanya limbah yang keluar dari pabrik dan mengandung bahan beracun dan berbahaya (B-3) seperti halnya limbah zat . Connection timed out Error code 522 2023-06-14 181556 UTC What happened? The initial connection between Cloudflare's network and the origin web server timed out. As a result, the web page can not be displayed. What can I do? If you're a visitor of this website Please try again in a few minutes. If you're the owner of this website Contact your hosting provider letting them know your web server is not completing requests. An Error 522 means that the request was able to connect to your web server, but that the request didn't finish. The most likely cause is that something on your server is hogging resources. Additional troubleshooting information here. Cloudflare Ray ID 7d748efdef1f0b8c • Your IP • Performance & security by Cloudflare IntroductionThe pulp and paper industry is among 17 industries that cause high pollution as wastewater. The demand for water consumption may vary for a different type of paper product used and the extent of water reused. The colored wastewater WW treatment has the purpose to meet stringent regulations fixed regarding water quality and human health protection Azaz et al., 2018; Franz et al., 2015. In developing countries like India huge amount of wastewater is discharged from the pulp and paper industry causes more water pollution, also a low ratio of recycling water is used Kumar et al., 2021a. Wastewater discharged from the pulp and paper industry depends upon the different types of raw material used, the paper product used, a process used in the pulping process and chemical recovery, etc. In wastewater, color is imparted by suspended and colloidal material. This colored water is not fit for recycling without any proper treatment. So color removal is necessary to get suitable water for further industrial application. The pulp and paper industry causes oxygen depletion, unsightly appearance as well as toxicity to aquatic species. Color is the most noticeable characteristic of waste water. In discoloration, the main object of analysis is loss of color from wastewater but treated water still contains high organic substances Hao et al., 2000. Due to color, the self-purification capacity of the river is reduced by hindering the photosynthetic process as well as causes bad aesthetical effects Wintgens et al., 2016. In wastewater, organic material is the main pollutant that contains lignin and its derivatives. The resinous and phenolic compound also imparts color in the waste water. In the pulp and paper industry with a soda recovery facility, waste water discharged with an average of 350 L for the production of 1 kg of paper and 40–50 g lignin per kg of bleached paper is produced Bajpai and Bajpai, 1994. Lignin is the main constituent that is responsible for color imparting in the pulp and paper industry Chakradhar and Shrivastava, 2004. Lignin is commercially available in the free or acid form in spent liquor in the form of sodium lignite and lignin sulphonic acid metal salt. The presence of lignin and its derivatives, pulp, and paper P&P wastewater color differ from light brown to dark brown called black liquor’. From the various study, it has been observed that for different types of colored waste water treated with a different method, no single one, due to high variability of colored substances Tanaka et al., 2000. For removal of color most adopted processes are physical/chemical and chemical conventional and advanced Butani and Mane, 2017; Deng and Zhao, 2015; Vijayaraghavan et al., 2017; Rajesh et al., 2009; Toczyłowska-Mamińska, 2017; Chakradhar and Shrivastava, 2004. see Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5At a global level notable work has been done on the color removal process from pulp and paper industry wastewater but on a continuous scale, color removal from paper mill wastewater no viable method is available. These processes are efficient to remove the color from paper mill waste water but have not significant impact on the industrial scale. To provide a solution in removing a color substantial number of chemical and physical treatments have been developed Butani and Mane, 2017; Golob et al., 2005; Vijayaraghavan et al., 2017; Xiaoxu et al., 2017; Zonoozi et al., 2008. Many researchers focus on color reduction at the source rather than the end of pipe treatment techniques. Various adsorbent materials have also been used for pollutants removal. These different adsorbents are sludge, bagasse fly ash, saw dust, peat, silica, neem leaf powder and activated carbon AC, etc. But different processes have some feasible and economic impact which affects the treatment process. The coagulation and flocculation treatments are unable to successfully remove chromophoric substances and problems arise of a high amount of chemical sludge Ghalebizade and Ayati, 2016; Rajkumar and Kim, 2006. Numerous studies have been done on activated carbon having the tendency of decolorization but its applicability depends upon the intensity of initial concentration of color and nature of chromospheres Malik, 2004; Purkait et al., 2007; Robinson et al., 2001. But according to a study made by Tanaka et al., 2000, the Regeneration of activated carbon is very expensive and inefficient. Over the years, considering the color problem, this study also concentrated on an adaptation of various treatments Conventional and advanced like advanced oxidation processes AOPs Franz et al., 2015; Ghalebizade and Ayati, 2016; Kaya and Aşçı, 2019. The electrochemical processes without using a high concentration of oxidizing agent to obtain a good yield of discoloration can be a valid alternative according to the study Chu et al., 2010; Gökkuş et al., 2018; Moreira et al., 2017; Song et al., 2007. Biological processes are also adopted to remove the color from wastewater and used to remove chromophores but these are mostly time-consuming Azaz et al., 2018; Robinson et al., 2001; Saratale et al., 2009. In recent years, studies on color removal have been made also by combined electrochemical process Bouabidi et al., 2019. Fig. 1 shows the various treatments method which are being used or under study to remove color from paper industry snippetsColor reduction at source, methods, and techniquesLignin a complex compound is the main source of color. Every step taken to minimize the black liquor filtrate will reduce the colored waste water. To collect spillages collection sump is used and overflows are collected in the brown stock washer area, which can be pumped back whenever required. To avoid sump overflow into an effluent stream, level control is needed in the collection sump. Desludging is necessary periodically to remove settled the second stage, it is necessary toMeasurement of the color of effluentFor color measurement, a standard method has been adopted for colored effluent in the pulp and paper industry, adjusting the pH of sample and absorbance of 465 nm light, filtration is made through an 80μ filter. Color estimation is made using a standard color unit which constitutes the concentration of color standard solution forming an equivalent degree of absorbance of platinum as chloroplatinate, defined under EPA/NCASI standard laboratory procedure Chakradhar and Shrivastava, 2004; Characteristics of pulp and paper mill wastewaterThe pulp and paper mill wastewater having chemical composition varied greatly from one industry to the next. The wastewater produced is highly concentrated and has a wide range of COD values due to different types of substrate used like Softwood and hardwood species, recycled paper, etc., and types of pulping and paper making processes. Pulping, bleaching, and paper-making are the main steps in paper manufacturing. In paper manufacturing, different types of effluents are generated at differentCoagulation/flocculationThe most common chemical or physical process is coagulation/flocculation for color removal from wastewater Kadam and Salkar, 2015; Pokhrel and Viraraghavan, 2004; Stephenson and Duff, 1996. The advantage of this process is that dye can be completely removed from wastewater and not partially removed as occasionally reported with the chemical method. This process having three stages coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation. In the first process, due to charge neutralization dislocation ofUsing TiO2/FeOn a laboratory scale, electrochemical decolorization using aluminum anode and iron cathode has been used for different sample effluent. With electrode combination, a continuous bench-scale experiment was also conducted as well as current density also varied. For the final treated effluent as a tertiary treatment step, the results of electrochemical decolorization are presented is a bench-scale continuous process in which a cell of stainless steel acts as cathode and aluminum tube asChemical oxidation processesThis process is adopted as a pretreatment step to degrade compounds that are responsible to resist biological treatment. Oxidizing agents destruct the toxic compounds and chromophores. There are some oxidizing agents like Chlorine, Ozone, Peroxide, Hypo, Chlorine di oxide, and Peracetic acid. Treatment with the cheaper oxidant like Hypo and Chlorine raises the problem of organochloride by-products. Other oxidizing agents are unstable or expensive or with algaeFrom the study, it was found that a few algae-like Microcystis spp., can be used to decolorize Kraft mill effluent Iyovo et al., 2010; Sharma et al., 2014. From that study, it was observed that 70 % of color was removed by using pure and mixed cultures in an incubation period of 2 months. Similarly, color reduction design was shown consisting of a phase and declining rate. During the first 15–20 days of incubation, the color removal was most corrective and then decline gradually. TheUsing physicochemical process PCPFor removal of color from pulp and paper mill waste water, a combination was made of primary settling with flocculation, coagulation, clarification, and adsorption with activated carbon was employed and coagulants like lime, alum, magnesium sulfates are used Mehmood et al., 2019. It has been found that primary settling lowers loads of pollutants for secondary treatment. After primary settling of 4 h, waste water was collected from the sedimentation tank and ready for coagulation-flocculationCost analysisWhen it comes to removing color from pulp and paper mill wastewater, a cost-benefit analysis is essential since the treatment should be cost-effective. Electrocoagulation expenses are primarily driven by electrode usage, energy consumption, and chemical additions to improve the process' efficacy Izadi et al., 2018. Electrocoagulation process assessment relies heavily on operating costs and particularly energy usage. By using the following equation 14, researchers can compute the operational ConclusionThe Pulp and paper industry generates 42 % of worldwide industrial wastewater and is the third biggest wastewater producer in the world Toczyłowska-Mamińska, 2017The pulp and paper manufacturers are forced to shift the traditional system of wastewater treatment to further sophisticated techniques due to stringent environmental demand. In the present work, different types of wastewater treatment techniques were adopted for color removal from P&P industry wastewater specifically. VariousRecommendations for future researchThe present study deals with the removal of color contamination from pulp and paper mill wastewater. Several studies have been made to inspect the color removal from wastewater using various techniques. Despite having many studies available in this area, there is a need to implement such techniques which are cost-effective and may be easily adoptable. Regarding this issue some suggestions are•Effective color removal can be achieved by the strategic addition of agents like coagulants,Research findingsIn this review article, a plethora of processes and techniques for minimizing refractory color compounds from pulp and paper mill wastewater have been addressed. As outlined in this review study, the following are the most significant research findings•Different approaches and strategies mentioned in diverse kinds of literature have been used to compare the efficacy of color removal. As a result of a comprehensive examination of different ways of color removal from paper mill effluent utilizing Declaration of competing interestThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this by 11Benefits of biological additive inoculation in the treatment of effluent from the paper recycling industry2022, Journal of Water Process EngineeringThe proper treatment of wastewater must be integrated with sustainability and includes compliance with current legislation, protection against water stress in certain regions, and the limit of self-purification of water bodies, among other factors [3]. The effluents of the paper and cellulose industry have varied chemical compositions, with high concentrations and a wide range of chemical oxygen demand values, due to the different types of substrates used, such as the type of wood or the type of recycled paper [4]. Effluents from paper and cellulose contain a variety of recalcitrant materials, such as lignosulfonic acids, chlorinated resin acids, chlorinated phenols, dioxins, and chlorinated hydrocarbons [5], and have a wide range of chemical oxygen demand, from to 115 g/L [6].Lignin emulsifying rosin for improved sizing performance and mechanical properties of liquid packaging board2022, Industrial Crops and ProductsThe tensile index of LPB is significantly enhanced from Nm/g to Nm/g when LCS dosage within L-CDRS increased to 2 %, which can be ascribed to the following two reasons 1 LCS as versatile surfactants have good dispersing property and contribute to a well dispersion of rosin size within paper framework Zhang et al., 2019; Gordobil et al., 2015; 2 LCS with rich aliphatic hydroxyl groups as well as cationic quaternary ammonium groups that can be effectively contacted with pulp fibers by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions via bridging effects Guan et al., 2013, thus improving the mechanical properties of LPB. However, the ISO brightness of LPB is decreased from to when the LCS addition is increased to 2 %, as shown in Fig. 8b, which can be explained that lignin substrate itself contains a large number of chromophore groups, including quinoids, catechols, aromatic ketones, stilbenes, conjugated carbonyls with phenolics, and metal complexes Olumoye et al., 2018; Zhang, b et al., 2020, and that some additional chromophores within paper can be oxidized from leucochromophores and remnant carbohydrates Mohammad et al., 2008; Kumar et al., 2021. The results are well consistent with the photos of Fig. all citing articles on ScopusRecommended articles 6© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

divernis dan dipolitur proses pewarnaan terhadap limbah